Efficacy Evaluation of DENTE91 Anti-Stain Toothpaste: Review of In-Vitro Studies

Background: Tooth stains on the front teeth are a common esthetic issue caused by tooth discoloration. Good oral hygiene habits, such as brushing your teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and after meals, flossing daily, and using a whitening toothpaste, can help reduce staining and prevent cavities. Material & Methods: Many in-vitro studies has conducted to develop Dente91 Anti-Stain Toothpaste that can help in resolving the issue of demineralization, hypersensitivity, microbial strains, plaque, dental caries/tooth decay, and dental stain more effectively than other marketed products. Its composition includes ingredients such as Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP), Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate, Covarine Blue, Zinc Citrate, Potassium Citrate, and Xylitol. Results: DENTE91 Anti-Stain toothpaste has over 99.9% significant antimicrobial efficacy and effectively reduces demineralization while enhancing the remineralization process. It also provides protection against acid attacks, promotes cell proliferation in NIH/3T3 cells, and shows significant healing activity on dental cavities. Additionally, it has the ability to occlude dentine disc lesions and reduce hypersensitivity. The findings of this study suggest that the toothpaste after using it twice a day for three days removes 63.02 % stains and also shows 80.33% improvement in teeth whitening from baseline.Conclusion: These in-vitro studies of dente91 anti-stain toothpaste concluded that toothpaste helps in resolving demineralization, hypersensitivity, plaque, dental caries/tooth decay, and dental stains. It has antimicrobial activity and teeth whitening effect too

The study of correlation between thyroid function and blood pressure in hypertensive patients attending out patient department in tertiary care centre

Background: Hypertension may be the initial clinical presentation for at least 15 endocrine disorders, including overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The correction of thyroid dysfunction may normalize Blood Pressure (BP) in most cases, therefore checking thyroid function is essential during the workup for hypertension. The present study was conducted to find out the association between hypertension and thyroid dysfunction.Methods: It was a retrospective, observational study conducted among patients having hypertension visiting the outpatient department of Medicine in KIMS Karad, during the period of 2 months.Results: The mean values of various thyroid function parameters among hypertensive cases was assessed in the current study, Authors found that the mean Serum T3 level was 93.5917±32.82, Mean Serum T4 level was 6.72±1.64 and the mean Serum TSH level was 2.52±2.71. Among all the cases about 52% cases had deranged thyroid function reports.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest an association between subclinical hypothyroidism and increased blood pressure levels.

Brown Tumour of Hyperparathyroidism, a benign latency in the jaws: A Review of Literature. Literature.

Background: To inculcate awareness about the importance of thorough screening of the patients presenting with giant cell lesions in the jaw bones for clinical, biochemical and radiological features of hyperparathyroidism. Material and Methods: The history, physical examination, laboratory values, imaging and pathologic findings are described in a 32-year-old woman, presenting with brown tumour lesion in mandible, due to primary hyperparathyroidism. A systematic review of published literature from PubMed is added, which highlights the importance of a thorough diagnostic workup and selection of appropriate treatment modality. Results: In the case presented, after Parathyroid adenoma excision, within thirty minutes, the serum values of Parathormone and Calcium returned to normalcy and spontaneous regression of the brown tumour was noted. Also, the review of literature emphasized the need for systemic investigations of suspected giant cell jaw lesions and established that parathyroidectomy can be considered the primary treatment modality for brown tumours of the jaw due to hyperparathyroidism. Conclusion: Radiolucent lesions of the jaws showing giant cells on histopathology should raise suspicion of hyperparathyroidism. This case emphasizes the importance of a detailed systemic investigation for all lesions in the maxillofacial region.

ABO Blood Group & Periodontitis: Correlation or No- Relation.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there was a relationship between periodontal diseases and ABO blood groups. Methods: This epidemiological study was carried out on 300 subjects who were randomly selected from individuals referred to the periodontics of Ahmedabad Dental College & Hospital for periodontal treatment or for other reasons regarding dental health. The study based on periodontal condition, blood group. The effects of blood subgroups on periodontal health, gingivitis and Periodontitis were investigated separately. Results: The findings of our study revealed that subject’s blood group “O” and “B”, Rh positive had a greater propensity for periodontitis followed by blood group A and least prevalent is blood group AB. Conclusions: ABO blood subgroups and Rh factor may constitute a risk factor on the development of periodontal disease.

Estimation of role of CT scan and MRI in diagnosis of tuberculosis of brain and spine.

Background: Tuberculosis of the brain and spine is a very severe disease and causes increased rate of mortality and morbidity. Its diagnosis is a challenge for physicians worldwide. Patients of different age groups and having varied socio-economic status suffer from neurotuberculosis which need to be evaluated successfully to help the physician with further management of the condition. Aim: To estimate role of CT scan and MRI in diagnosis of tuberculosis of brain and spine. Material and methods: Patients referred to the Radiology Department with any kind of neurological symptoms, coincidental finding of neurotuberculosis or even those with already diagnosed cases of neurotuberculosis which needed follow up radiological investigations were evaluated with either CT or MRI or sometimes both (These were performed on 1.5 T Philips MRI and Seimens 16 Slice MDCT machine). Results: Patients with intracranial tuberculosis mainly presented with tuberculous meningitis and tuberculomas. Most patients suffering from spinal infection presented with Pott’s spine. Most of the lesions were paradiscal with involvement of the articular discs. MRI is more sensitive than CT scan in the diagnosis of intracranial tuberculosis. MRI is also very sensitive in the diagnosis of intracranial. tuberculosis as compared to CT. CT had no significant role in the diagnosis of Spinal tuberculosis. Hence, MRI is the preferred choice of investigation while evaluating neurotuberculosis.

Estimation of role of ultrasound and MRI in the examination of shoulder joint.

Background: To recognize different pathologies affecting the shoulder joint with the help ultrasound and MRI scans and to evaluate the features, pattern and extension of the different pathologies affecting the shoulder joint with help of ultrasound and MRI scans so as to help the clinician for further management. Aim: To estimate role of ultrasound and MRI in examination of shoulder joint. Material and methods: Study comprised of an observational hospital based study. Out of 65patients, 20 underwent only ultrasound investigation, 25 underwent only MRI scans whereas 20 patients were evaluated by ultrasound and MRI. These were performed by 3-5 MHZ curvilinear probe and 8-10 MHZ linear probe on HD 7 and HD 9 Philips ultrasound machines and 1.5 T Philips MRI machine. MR arthrography was performed as a follow up in some of the patients in outside centre. Results: USG study also showed that the most commonly occurring rotator cuff tears were supraspinatus tears whereas alone infrspinatus and subscapularis tears were very rare. MRI study showed supraspinatus tears Were the most frequently occurring in the rotator cuff whereas subscapularis and infraspinatus tears were the most commonly occurring rotator cuff tears were supraspinatus tears whereas alone infraspinatus and subscapularis tears were very rare. MRI study showed supraspinatus tears were the most frequently occurring in the rotator cuff whereas subscapularies and infraspinatus tears were rare. MRI is 100% confirmative in almost all cases of Rotator cuff tears but may sometimes need extra imaging by MR arthrography in partial bursal tears. Conclusion: Rotator cuff tears are the most common pathologies affecting the shoulder joint according to this study. It was proved that, there is no evident difference in the accuracy of ultrasound and MRI in detecting this pathology, even though MRI has proved to be more accurate in evaluating almost all other pathologies as compared to ultrasound.

Utility of acid fast staining and re-aspiration in tubercuhlar lymphadenopathy - 3 year study at tertiary centre.

Background: Tuberculosis is a great problem throughout the world, especially in developing countries like India. Beside pulmonary tuberculosis, extra pulmonary tuberculosis is relatively more common among the Asian population. Aims & Objective: (1) To establishing the utility of performing Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) on aspirated material; (2) To study the distribution of cytomorphological patterns of tuberculous lymphadenitis; (3) To study the role of repeat aspiration in diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenitis. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted on 1022 patients of lymphadenopathy during the period of 36 months. Fine needle aspiration was performed in all the patients and 3 smears are made. One is kept unfixed for Ziehl Neelsen staining and other two are alcohol fixed and stained with Papanicolaou (Pap) stain and May Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) stain. Results: Out of 1022 aspirations from lymph nodes 402 cases were diagnosed as tuberculous (TB) lymphadenitis. Three cytomorphological patterns were observed: group-1: Granulomas without necrosis (33.83%); group-2: Caseating epithelioid granulomas (43.03%); and group-3: Necrotizing lymphadenitis (23.13%). AFB positivity was seen in 44.02% cases. 125 cases were diagnosed as reactive lymphadenitis with activated histiocyte clusters were advised a repeat aspiration, out of these 55 cases showed subsequent development of epithelioid granulomas. Conclusion: FNAC is a useful tool in the study of tuberculous lymphadenitis and repeat aspiration, after 2 – 3 weeks helps in providing the correct diagnosis of early tubercular lesions.

Study of drug utilization, morbidity pattern and cost of hypolipidemic agents in a tertiary care hospital.

Background: Data on the extent of use and costs of lipid-lowering agents are not widely available. Our aim was to study the drug utilization and morbidity pattern, cost of different hypolipidemic drugs along with the risk assessment for coronary heart disease. Methods: After approval of protocol by the Institutional Review Board, an observational, prospective study was carried out in 300 patients using NCEP and ATP III Guidelines-2002 for evaluation of presence or absence of risk factors for coronary heart diseases. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 16.0and WHO Core Drug Prescribing Indicators. Results: Patient’s morbidity pattern revealed that 62%, 49.3%, 28% suffered from ischemic heart disease, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus respectively. On risk assessment, 48%, 13.3% patients had borderline and high level of total cholesterol respectively; 42%, 22.7% had borderline and high triglyceride levels respectively; 71.1% men and 62% women had low HDL cholesterol levels while 17.3%, 6% and 2.7% patients had borderline high, high and very high level of LDL cholesterol levels respectively. Frequency of prescriptions was atorvastatin (82%), rosuvastatin (9.3%) and simvastatin (4.7%) among the most frequently prescribed statins drug group. The mean number of drugs per prescription was 7.34. Drugs prescribed by generic name and from essential drugs list was 24.96% and 71.81% respectively. Mean cost of hypolipidemic agents/prescription/day was 10.74 (±1.96) Indian Rupees with rosuvastatin being the costliest. Conclusion: Rational use of hypolipidemic agents with an increasing trend of statins prescriptions will significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality from coronary heart diseases.